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Urinary tract infections (UTI) occur when bacteria enter the urinary tract and urethra and multiply. These infections typically develop in the lower urinary tract before progressing to the upper urinary tract if they remain untreated. Bladder infections (cystitis) are the most common form of urinary tract infections, but UTIs can also manifest as infections of the urethra or kidney infections. Women are more prone than men to developing UTIs. Children under the age of two can also develop this infection. E. coli is the most common bacterial cause of UTIs. Other forms of bacteria can also cause UTIs. Men and women sometimes can transmit bacteria to their partner during sexual intercourse, causing a UTI.
Urinary tract infections (UTI) occur when bacteria enter the urinary tract and urethra and multiply. These infections typically develop in the lower urinary tract before progressing to the upper urinary tract if they remain untreated. Bladder infections (cystitis) are the most common form of urinary tract infections, but UTIs can also manifest as infections of the urethra or kidney infections. Women are more prone than men to developing UTIs. Children under the age of two can also develop this infection. E. coli is the most common bacterial cause of UTIs. Other forms of bacteria can also cause UTIs. Men and women infected with some sexually transmitted diseases can transmit bacteria to their partner during sexual intercourse, causing a UTI.
Other UTI risk factors include:
A UTI is diagnosed through a clean-catch urine specimen. Clean catch is obtained by cleansing the area around the urethral opening or by catheterization and collecting a mid-stream urine sample. Then, a urinalysis is performed to determine a white blood cell count (WBC) or look for bacteria or nitrates in the urine. These may indicate a bacterial infection.
Bladder and urinary tract infections are typically treated with antibiotic medication. The dosage and length of time of the prescription depend on the form of infection. People can take the following measures to prevent UTIs:
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